Indicators

The indicator subpackage provides a set of efficient indicators and analyzers.

These are classes which can be used for signal discovery and filtering. The idea is to use the provided indicators as is, or as inspiration for a trader to implement their own proprietary indicator algorithms with the platform.

class AdaptiveMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

AdaptiveMovingAverage(int period_er, int period_alpha_fast, int period_alpha_slow, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates an adaptive moving average (AMA) across a rolling window. Developed by Perry Kaufman, the AMA is a moving average designed to account for market noise and volatility. The AMA will closely follow prices when the price swings are relatively small and the noise is low. The AMA will increase lag when the price swings increase.

Parameters:

• period_er (int) – The period for the internal EfficiencyRatio indicator (> 0).

• period_alpha_fast (int) – The period for the fast smoothing constant (> 0).

• period_alpha_slow (int) – The period for the slow smoothing constant (> 0 < alpha_fast).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

alpha_diff

The alpha difference value.

Returns:

double

alpha_fast

The alpha fast value.

Returns:

double

alpha_slow

The alpha slow value.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

period_alpha_fast

The period of the fast smoothing constant.

Returns:

double

period_alpha_slow

The period of the slow smoothing constant.

Returns:

double

period_er

The period of the internal EfficiencyRatio indicator.

Returns:

double

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class ArcherMovingAveragesTrends

Bases: Indicator

ArcherMovingAveragesTrends(int fast_period, int slow_period, int signal_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL)

Archer Moving Averages Trends indicator.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast moving average (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow moving average (> 0 & > fast_sma).

• signal_period (int) – The period for lookback price array (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

References

https://github.com/twopirllc/pandas-ta/blob/bc3b292bf1cc1d5f2aba50bb750a75209d655b37/pandas_ta/trend/amat.py

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

long_run

short_run

signal_period

slow_period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given close price value.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

class AroonOscillator

Bases: Indicator

AroonOscillator(int period)

The Aroon (AR) indicator developed by Tushar Chande attempts to determine whether an instrument is trending, and how strong the trend is. AroonUp and AroonDown lines make up the indicator with their formulas below.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

aroon_down

The current aroon down value.

Returns:

double

aroon_up

The current aroon up value.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double high, double low) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class AverageTrueRange

Bases: Indicator

AverageTrueRange(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double value_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the average true range across a rolling window. Different moving average types can be selected for the inner calculation.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used. (note: only applicable for update(). update_mid() will need to use previous price.

• value_floor (double) – The floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class Bias

Bases: Indicator

Bias(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

Rate of change between the source and a moving average.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class BollingerBands

Bases: Indicator

BollingerBands(int period, double k, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

A Bollinger Band® is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of trend lines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average (SMA) of an instruments price, which can be adjusted to user preferences.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• k (double) – The standard deviation multiple for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator.

Raises:

• ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If k is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

k

The standard deviation multiple.

Returns:

double

lower

The current value of the lower band.

Returns:

double

middle

The current value of the middle band.

Returns:

double

period

The period for the moving average.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given prices.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price for calculations.

• low (double) – The low price for calculations.

• close (double) – The closing price for calculations

upper

The current value of the upper band.

Returns:

double

class CandleBodySize

Bases: IntFlag

BODY_NONE = 0

BODY_SMALL = 1

BODY_MEDIUM = 2

BODY_LARGE = 3

BODY_TREND = 4

class CandleDirection

Bases: IntFlag

DIRECTION_BEAR = -1

DIRECTION_NONE = 0

DIRECTION_BULL = 1

class CandleSize

Bases: IntFlag

SIZE_NONE = 0

SIZE_VERY_SMALL = 1

SIZE_SMALL = 2

SIZE_MEDIUM = 3

SIZE_LARGE = 4

SIZE_VERY_LARGE = 5

SIZE_EXTREMELY_LARGE = 6

class CandleWickSize

Bases: IntFlag

WICK_NONE = 0

WICK_SMALL = 1

WICK_MEDIUM = 2

WICK_LARGE = 3

class ChandeMomentumOscillator

Bases: Indicator

ChandeMomentumOscillator(int period, ma_type=None)

Attempts to capture the momentum of an asset with overbought at 50 and oversold at -50.

Parameters:

• ma_type (int) – The moving average type for average gain/loss.

• period (MovingAverageType) – The rolling window period for the indicator.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class CommodityChannelIndex

Bases: Indicator

CommodityChannelIndex(int period, double scalar=0.015, ma_type=None)

Commodity Channel Index is a momentum oscillator used to primarily identify overbought and oversold levels relative to a mean.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• scalar (double) – A positive float to scale the bands

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for prices.

References

https://www.tradingview.com/support/solutions/43000502001-commodity-channel-index-cci/

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

scalar

The positive float to scale the bands.

Returns:

double

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class DirectionalMovement

Bases: Indicator

DirectionalMovement(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL)

Two oscillators that capture positive and negative trend movement.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

neg

period

pos

update_raw(self, double high, double low) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

value

class DonchianChannel

Bases: Indicator

DonchianChannel(int period)

Donchian Channels are three lines generated by moving average calculations that comprise an indicator formed by upper and lower bands around a mid-range or median band. The upper band marks the highest price of a instrument_id over N periods while the lower band marks the lowest price of a instrument_id over N periods. The area between the upper and lower bands represents the Donchian Channel.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given ticks high and low prices.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given ticks price.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

lower

middle

period

update_raw(self, double high, double low) → void

Update the indicator with the given prices.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The price for the upper channel.

• low (double) – The price for the lower channel.

upper

class DoubleExponentialMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

DoubleExponentialMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

The Double Exponential Moving Average attempts to a smoother average with less lag than the normal Exponential Moving Average (EMA).

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class EfficiencyRatio

Bases: Indicator

EfficiencyRatio(int period)

An indicator which calculates the efficiency ratio across a rolling window. The Kaufman Efficiency measures the ratio of the relative market speed in relation to the volatility, this could be thought of as a proxy for noise.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (>= 2).

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not >= 2.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double price) → void

Update the indicator with the given price.

Parameters:

price (double) – The update price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class ExponentialMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

ExponentialMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates an exponential moving average across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

alpha

The moving average alpha value.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class FuzzyCandle

Bases: object

FuzzyCandle(CandleDirection direction, CandleSize size, CandleBodySize body_size, CandleWickSize upper_wick_size, CandleWickSize lower_wick_size)

Represents a fuzzy candle.

Parameters:

• direction (CandleDirection) – The candle direction.

• size (CandleSize) – The candle fuzzy size.

• body_size (CandleBodySize) – The candle fuzzy body size.

• upper_wick_size (CandleWickSize) – The candle fuzzy upper wick size.

• lower_wick_size (CandleWickSize) – The candle fuzzy lower wick size.

body_size

The candles fuzzy body size.

Returns:

CandleBodySize

direction

The candles close direction.

Returns:

CandleDirection

lower_wick_size

The candles fuzzy lower wick size.

Returns:

CandleWickSize

size

The candles fuzzy overall size.

Returns:

CandleSize

upper_wick_size

The candles fuzzy upper wick size.

Returns:

CandleWickSize

class FuzzyCandlesticks

Bases: Indicator

FuzzyCandlesticks(int period, double threshold1=0.5, double threshold2=1.0, double threshold3=2.0, double threshold4=3.0)

An indicator which fuzzifies bar data to produce fuzzy candlesticks. Bar data is dimensionally reduced via fuzzy feature extraction.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• threshold1 (float) – The membership function x threshold1 (>= 0).

• threshold2 (float) – The membership function x threshold2 (> threshold1).

• threshold3 (float) – The membership function x threshold3 (> threshold2).

• threshold4 (float) – The membership function x threshold4 (> threshold3).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar. (The update)

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double open, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• open (double) – The open price.

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

The last fuzzy candle.

Returns:

FuzzyCandle

vector

The fuzzy candle represented as a vector of ints.

Returns:

list[int]

class HullMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

HullMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates a Hull Moving Average (HMA) across a rolling window. The HMA, developed by Alan Hull, is an extremely fast and smooth moving average.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class IchimokuCloud

Bases: Indicator

IchimokuCloud(int tenkan_period=9, int kijun_period=26, int senkou_period=52, int displacement=26)

Ichimoku Cloud (Kinko Hyo) with five components.

• Tenkan-sen (Conversion Line): (tenkan_period high + tenkan_period low) / 2.

• Kijun-sen (Base Line): (kijun_period high + kijun_period low) / 2.

• Senkou Span A (Leading Span A): (Tenkan + Kijun) / 2, displaced forward by displacement.

• Senkou Span B (Leading Span B): (senkou_period high + senkou_period low) / 2, displaced forward by displacement.

• Chikou Span (Lagging Span): Close displaced backward by displacement.

The indicator becomes initialized after senkou_period bars, at which point tenkan_sen, kijun_sen are valid. The displaced outputs (senkou_span_a, senkou_span_b, chikou_span) require an additional displacement bars before they become non-zero.

Parameters:

• tenkan_period (int) – Period for Tenkan-sen (default 9).

• kijun_period (int) – Period for Kijun-sen (default 26).

• senkou_period (int) – Period for Senkou Span B (default 52).

• displacement (int) – Displacement for leading/lagging spans (default 26).

Raises:

• ValueError – If any period or displacement is not positive.

• ValueError – If senkou_period is not >= kijun_period or kijun_period is not >= tenkan_period.

chikou_span

displacement

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

kijun_period

kijun_sen

senkou_period

senkou_span_a

senkou_span_b

tenkan_period

tenkan_sen

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

class Indicator

Bases: object

Indicator(list params)

The base class for all indicators.

Parameters:

params (list) – The initialization parameters for the indicator.

Warning

This class should not be used directly, but through a concrete subclass.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

class KeltnerChannel

Bases: Indicator

KeltnerChannel(int period, double k_multiplier, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, MovingAverageType ma_type_atr=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double atr_floor=0)

The Keltner channel is a volatility based envelope set above and below a central moving average. Traditionally the middle band is an EMA based on the typical price (high + low + close) / 3, the upper band is the middle band plus the ATR. The lower band is the middle band minus the ATR.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• k_multiplier (double) – The multiplier for the ATR (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the middle band (cannot be None).

• ma_type_atr (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the internal ATR (cannot be None).

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used.

• atr_floor (double) – The ATR floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

k_multiplier

lower

middle

period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

upper

class KeltnerPosition

Bases: Indicator

KeltnerPosition(int period, double k_multiplier, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, MovingAverageType ma_type_atr=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double atr_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the relative position of the given price within a defined Keltner channel. This provides a measure of the relative ‘extension’ of a market from the mean, as a multiple of volatility.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• k_multiplier (double) – The multiplier for the ATR (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the middle band (cannot be None).

• ma_type_atr (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the internal ATR (cannot be None).

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used.

• atr_floor (double) – The ATR floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

k_multiplier

period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

class KlingerVolumeOscillator

Bases: Indicator

KlingerVolumeOscillator(int fast_period, int slow_period, int signal_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL)

This indicator was developed by Stephen J. Klinger. It is designed to predict price reversals in a market by comparing volume to price.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast moving average (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow moving average (> 0 & > fast_sma).

• signal_period (int) – The period for the moving average difference’s moving average (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

signal_period

slow_period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close, double volume) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

• volume (double) – The volume.

value

class LinearRegression

Bases: Indicator

LinearRegression(int period=0)

An indicator that calculates a simple linear regression.

Parameters:

period (int) – The period for the indicator.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not greater than zero.

R2

cfo

degree

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

intercept

period

slope

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

close_price (double) – The close price.

value

class MovingAverage

Bases: Indicator

MovingAverage(int period, list params, PriceType price_type)

The base class for all moving average type indicators.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• params (list) – The initialization parameters for the indicator.

• price_type (PriceType, optional) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Warning

This class should not be used directly, but through a concrete subclass.

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence

Bases: Indicator

MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence(int fast_period, int slow_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates the difference between two moving averages. Different moving average types can be selected for the inner calculation.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast moving average (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow moving average (> 0 & > fast_sma).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

• ValueError – If fast_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If slow_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If fast_period is not < slow_period.

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

slow_period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given close price.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class MovingAverageFactory

Bases: object

Provides a factory to construct different moving average indicators.

static create(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type: MovingAverageType, **kwargs) → MovingAverage

Create a moving average indicator corresponding to the given ma_type.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The period of the moving average (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type.

Return type:

MovingAverage

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

class MovingAverageType

Bases: IntFlag

SIMPLE = 0

EXPONENTIAL = 1

DOUBLE_EXPONENTIAL = 2

WILDER = 3

HULL = 4

ADAPTIVE = 5

WEIGHTED = 6

VARIABLE_INDEX_DYNAMIC = 7

class OnBalanceVolume

Bases: Indicator

OnBalanceVolume(int period=0)

An indicator which calculates the momentum of relative positive or negative volume.

Parameters:

period (int) – The period for the indicator, zero indicates no window (>= 0).

Raises:

ValueError – If period is negative (< 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

update_raw(self, double open, double close, double volume) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• open (double) – The high price.

• close (double) – The low price.

• volume (double) – The close price.

value

class Pressure

Bases: Indicator

Pressure(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, double atr_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the relative volume (multiple of average volume) to move the market across a relative range (multiple of ATR).

Parameters:

• period (int) – The period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

• atr_floor (double) – The ATR floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0.).

Raises:

• ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If atr_floor is negative (< 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close, double volume) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

• volume (double) – The volume.

value

value_cumulative

class PsychologicalLine

Bases: Indicator

PsychologicalLine(int period, ma_type=None)

The Psychological Line is an oscillator-type indicator that compares the number of the rising periods to the total number of periods. In other words, it is the percentage of bars that close above the previous bar over a given period.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class RateOfChange

Bases: Indicator

RateOfChange(int period, bool use_log=False)

An indicator which calculates the rate of change of price over a defined period. The return output can be simple or log.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The period for the indicator.

• use_log (bool) – Use log returns for value calculation.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not > 1.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double price) → void

Update the indicator with the given price.

Parameters:

price (double) – The update price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class RelativeStrengthIndex

Bases: Indicator

RelativeStrengthIndex(int period, ma_type=None)

An indicator which calculates a relative strength index (RSI) across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• ma_type (int) – The moving average type for average gain/loss.

• period (MovingAverageType) – The rolling window period for the indicator.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class RelativeVolatilityIndex

Bases: Indicator

RelativeVolatilityIndex(int period, double scalar=100.0, ma_type=None)

The Relative Volatility Index (RVI) was created in 1993 and revised in 1995. Instead of adding up price changes like RSI based on price direction, the RVI adds up standard deviations based on price direction.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• scalar (double) – A positive float to scale the bands.

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the vip and vim (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

scalar

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class SimpleMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

SimpleMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates a simple moving average across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class SpreadAnalyzer

Bases: Indicator

SpreadAnalyzer(InstrumentId instrument_id, int capacity) -> None

Provides various spread analysis metrics.

Parameters:

• instrument_id (InstrumentId) – The instrument ID for the tick updates.

• capacity (int) – The max length for the internal QuoteTick deque (determines averages).

Raises:

ValueError – If capacity is not positive (> 0).

average

The current average spread.

Returns:

double

capacity

The indicators spread capacity.

Returns:

int

current

The current spread.

Returns:

double

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the analyzer with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The tick for the update.

Raises:

ValueError – If tick.instrument_id does not equal the analyzers instrument ID.

instrument_id

The indicators instrument ID.

Returns:

InstrumentId

class Stochastics

Bases: Indicator

Stochastics(int period_k, int period_d, int slowing=1, ma_type=None, str d_method=’ratio’)

An oscillator which can indicate when an asset may be over bought or over sold.

Parameters:

• period_k (int) – The period for the K line (highest high / lowest low lookback).

• period_d (int) – The period for the D line (smoothing period).

• slowing (int, optional) – The slowing period for %K smoothing (1 = no slowing, > 1 = MA smoothed). Default is 1 for backward compatibility.

• ma_type (MovingAverageType, optional) – The MA type for slowing and MA-based %D. Default is EXPONENTIAL.

• d_method (str, optional) – The %D calculation method: “ratio” (Nautilus native) or “moving_average” (cTrader-like). Default is “ratio” for backward compatibility.

Raises:

• ValueError – If period_k is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If period_d is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If slowing is not positive (> 0).

References

https://www.forextraders.com/forex-education/forex-indicators/stochastics-indicator-explained/

d_method

The %D calculation method (‘ratio’ or ‘moving_average’).

Returns:

str

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

ma_type

The MA type for slowing and MA-based %D.

Returns:

MovingAverageType

period_d

The d period.

Returns:

int

period_k

The k period.

Returns:

int

slowing

The slowing period for %K smoothing.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value_d

The d value.

Returns:

double

value_k

The k value.

Returns:

double

class StochasticsDMethod

Bases: object

Method for calculating %D in the Stochastics indicator.

The %D line is the smoothed version of %K and provides trading signals. Two calculation methods are supported:

• RATIO: Nautilus original method using 100 * SUM(close-LL) / SUM(HH-LL) over period_d. This is range-weighted and has less lag than MA-based methods.

• MOVING_AVERAGE: Standard method using MA of slowed %K values, compatible with cTrader/MetaTrader implementations.

MOVING_AVERAGE = 'moving_average'

RATIO = 'ratio'

class Swings

Bases: Indicator

Swings(int period)

A swing indicator which calculates and stores various swing metrics.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

changed

direction

duration

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

high_datetime

high_price

length

low_datetime

low_price

period

since_high

since_low

update_raw(self, double high, double low, datetime timestamp) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• timestamp (datetime) – The current timestamp.

class VariableIndexDynamicAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

VariableIndexDynamicAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST, MovingAverageType cmo_ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

Variable Index Dynamic Average (VIDYA) was developed by Tushar Chande. It is similar to an Exponential Moving Average, but it has a dynamically adjusted lookback period dependent on relative price volatility as measured by Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO). When volatility is high, VIDYA reacts faster to price changes. It is often used as moving average or trend identifier.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

• cmo_ma_type (int) – The moving average type for CMO indicator.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0). If cmo_ma_type is VARIABLE_INDEX_DYNAMIC.

alpha

The moving average alpha value.

Returns:

double

cmo_pct

The normal cmo value.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class VerticalHorizontalFilter

Bases: Indicator

VerticalHorizontalFilter(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

The Vertical Horizon Filter (VHF) was created by Adam White to identify trending and ranging markets.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class VolatilityRatio

Bases: Indicator

VolatilityRatio(int fast_period, int slow_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double value_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the ratio of different ranges of volatility. Different moving average types can be selected for the inner ATR calculations.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast ATR (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow ATR (> 0 & > fast_period).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the ATR calculations.

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used.

• value_floor (double) – The floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

Raises:

• ValueError – If fast_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If slow_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If fast_period is not < slow_period.

• ValueError – If value_floor is negative (< 0).

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

slow_period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

class VolumeWeightedAveragePrice

Bases: Indicator

VolumeWeightedAveragePrice()

An indicator which calculates the volume weighted average price for the day.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

update_raw(self, double price, double volume, datetime timestamp) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• price (double) – The update price.

• volume (double) – The update volume.

• timestamp (datetime) – The current timestamp.

value

class WeightedMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

WeightedMovingAverage(int period, weights=None, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates a weighted moving average across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• weights (iterable) – The weights for the moving average calculation (if not None then = period).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

weights

class WilderMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

WilderMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

The Wilder’s Moving Average is simply an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) with a modified alpha = 1 / period.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

alpha

The moving average alpha value.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

class AdaptiveMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

AdaptiveMovingAverage(int period_er, int period_alpha_fast, int period_alpha_slow, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates an adaptive moving average (AMA) across a rolling window. Developed by Perry Kaufman, the AMA is a moving average designed to account for market noise and volatility. The AMA will closely follow prices when the price swings are relatively small and the noise is low. The AMA will increase lag when the price swings increase.

Parameters:

• period_er (int) – The period for the internal EfficiencyRatio indicator (> 0).

• period_alpha_fast (int) – The period for the fast smoothing constant (> 0).

• period_alpha_slow (int) – The period for the slow smoothing constant (> 0 < alpha_fast).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

alpha_diff

The alpha difference value.

Returns:

double

alpha_fast

The alpha fast value.

Returns:

double

alpha_slow

The alpha slow value.

Returns:

double

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

period_alpha_fast

The period of the fast smoothing constant.

Returns:

double

period_alpha_slow

The period of the slow smoothing constant.

Returns:

double

period_er

The period of the internal EfficiencyRatio indicator.

Returns:

double

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class DoubleExponentialMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

DoubleExponentialMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

The Double Exponential Moving Average attempts to a smoother average with less lag than the normal Exponential Moving Average (EMA).

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class ExponentialMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

ExponentialMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates an exponential moving average across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

alpha

The moving average alpha value.

Returns:

double

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class HullMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

HullMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates a Hull Moving Average (HMA) across a rolling window. The HMA, developed by Alan Hull, is an extremely fast and smooth moving average.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class MovingAverage

Bases: Indicator

MovingAverage(int period, list params, PriceType price_type)

The base class for all moving average type indicators.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• params (list) – The initialization parameters for the indicator.

• price_type (PriceType, optional) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Warning

This class should not be used directly, but through a concrete subclass.

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class MovingAverageFactory

Bases: object

Provides a factory to construct different moving average indicators.

static create(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type: MovingAverageType, **kwargs) → MovingAverage

Create a moving average indicator corresponding to the given ma_type.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The period of the moving average (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type.

Return type:

MovingAverage

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

class MovingAverageType

Bases: IntFlag

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use sys.byteorder as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

classmethod from_bytes(bytes, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use sys.byteorder as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

real

the real part of a complex number

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

SIMPLE = 0

EXPONENTIAL = 1

DOUBLE_EXPONENTIAL = 2

WILDER = 3

HULL = 4

ADAPTIVE = 5

WEIGHTED = 6

VARIABLE_INDEX_DYNAMIC = 7

class SimpleMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

SimpleMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates a simple moving average across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class VariableIndexDynamicAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

VariableIndexDynamicAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST, MovingAverageType cmo_ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

Variable Index Dynamic Average (VIDYA) was developed by Tushar Chande. It is similar to an Exponential Moving Average, but it has a dynamically adjusted lookback period dependent on relative price volatility as measured by Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO). When volatility is high, VIDYA reacts faster to price changes. It is often used as moving average or trend identifier.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

• cmo_ma_type (int) – The moving average type for CMO indicator.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0). If cmo_ma_type is VARIABLE_INDEX_DYNAMIC.

alpha

The moving average alpha value.

Returns:

double

cmo_pct

The normal cmo value.

Returns:

double

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class WeightedMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

WeightedMovingAverage(int period, weights=None, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates a weighted moving average across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• weights (iterable) – The weights for the moving average calculation (if not None then = period).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

weights

class WilderMovingAverage

Bases: MovingAverage

WilderMovingAverage(int period, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

The Wilder’s Moving Average is simply an Exponential Moving Average (EMA) with a modified alpha = 1 / period.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

alpha

The moving average alpha value.

Returns:

double

count

The count of inputs received by the indicator.

Returns:

int

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar to handle.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The moving average period.

Returns:

PriceType

price_type

The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Returns:

PriceType

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current output value.

Returns:

double

class FuzzyCandle

Bases: object

FuzzyCandle(CandleDirection direction, CandleSize size, CandleBodySize body_size, CandleWickSize upper_wick_size, CandleWickSize lower_wick_size)

Represents a fuzzy candle.

Parameters:

• direction (CandleDirection) – The candle direction.

• size (CandleSize) – The candle fuzzy size.

• body_size (CandleBodySize) – The candle fuzzy body size.

• upper_wick_size (CandleWickSize) – The candle fuzzy upper wick size.

• lower_wick_size (CandleWickSize) – The candle fuzzy lower wick size.

body_size

The candles fuzzy body size.

Returns:

CandleBodySize

direction

The candles close direction.

Returns:

CandleDirection

lower_wick_size

The candles fuzzy lower wick size.

Returns:

CandleWickSize

size

The candles fuzzy overall size.

Returns:

CandleSize

upper_wick_size

The candles fuzzy upper wick size.

Returns:

CandleWickSize

class FuzzyCandlesticks

Bases: Indicator

FuzzyCandlesticks(int period, double threshold1=0.5, double threshold2=1.0, double threshold3=2.0, double threshold4=3.0)

An indicator which fuzzifies bar data to produce fuzzy candlesticks. Bar data is dimensionally reduced via fuzzy feature extraction.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• threshold1 (float) – The membership function x threshold1 (>= 0).

• threshold2 (float) – The membership function x threshold2 (> threshold1).

• threshold3 (float) – The membership function x threshold3 (> threshold2).

• threshold4 (float) – The membership function x threshold4 (> threshold3).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar. (The update)

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double open, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• open (double) – The open price.

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

The last fuzzy candle.

Returns:

FuzzyCandle

vector

The fuzzy candle represented as a vector of ints.

Returns:

list[int]

class ChandeMomentumOscillator

Bases: Indicator

ChandeMomentumOscillator(int period, ma_type=None)

Attempts to capture the momentum of an asset with overbought at 50 and oversold at -50.

Parameters:

• ma_type (int) – The moving average type for average gain/loss.

• period (MovingAverageType) – The rolling window period for the indicator.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class CommodityChannelIndex

Bases: Indicator

CommodityChannelIndex(int period, double scalar=0.015, ma_type=None)

Commodity Channel Index is a momentum oscillator used to primarily identify overbought and oversold levels relative to a mean.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• scalar (double) – A positive float to scale the bands

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for prices.

References

https://www.tradingview.com/support/solutions/43000502001-commodity-channel-index-cci/

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

scalar

The positive float to scale the bands.

Returns:

double

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class EfficiencyRatio

Bases: Indicator

EfficiencyRatio(int period)

An indicator which calculates the efficiency ratio across a rolling window. The Kaufman Efficiency measures the ratio of the relative market speed in relation to the volatility, this could be thought of as a proxy for noise.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (>= 2).

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not >= 2.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double price) → void

Update the indicator with the given price.

Parameters:

price (double) – The update price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class PsychologicalLine

Bases: Indicator

PsychologicalLine(int period, ma_type=None)

The Psychological Line is an oscillator-type indicator that compares the number of the rising periods to the total number of periods. In other words, it is the percentage of bars that close above the previous bar over a given period.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class RateOfChange

Bases: Indicator

RateOfChange(int period, bool use_log=False)

An indicator which calculates the rate of change of price over a defined period. The return output can be simple or log.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The period for the indicator.

• use_log (bool) – Use log returns for value calculation.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not > 1.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double price) → void

Update the indicator with the given price.

Parameters:

price (double) – The update price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class RelativeStrengthIndex

Bases: Indicator

RelativeStrengthIndex(int period, ma_type=None)

An indicator which calculates a relative strength index (RSI) across a rolling window.

Parameters:

• ma_type (int) – The moving average type for average gain/loss.

• period (MovingAverageType) – The rolling window period for the indicator.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double value) → void

Update the indicator with the given value.

Parameters:

value (double) – The update value.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class RelativeVolatilityIndex

Bases: Indicator

RelativeVolatilityIndex(int period, double scalar=100.0, ma_type=None)

The Relative Volatility Index (RVI) was created in 1993 and revised in 1995. Instead of adding up price changes like RSI based on price direction, the RVI adds up standard deviations based on price direction.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• scalar (double) – A positive float to scale the bands.

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the vip and vim (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

scalar

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class Stochastics

Bases: Indicator

Stochastics(int period_k, int period_d, int slowing=1, ma_type=None, str d_method=’ratio’)

An oscillator which can indicate when an asset may be over bought or over sold.

Parameters:

• period_k (int) – The period for the K line (highest high / lowest low lookback).

• period_d (int) – The period for the D line (smoothing period).

• slowing (int, optional) – The slowing period for %K smoothing (1 = no slowing, > 1 = MA smoothed). Default is 1 for backward compatibility.

• ma_type (MovingAverageType, optional) – The MA type for slowing and MA-based %D. Default is EXPONENTIAL.

• d_method (str, optional) – The %D calculation method: “ratio” (Nautilus native) or “moving_average” (cTrader-like). Default is “ratio” for backward compatibility.

Raises:

• ValueError – If period_k is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If period_d is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If slowing is not positive (> 0).

References

https://www.forextraders.com/forex-education/forex-indicators/stochastics-indicator-explained/

d_method

The %D calculation method (‘ratio’ or ‘moving_average’).

Returns:

str

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

ma_type

The MA type for slowing and MA-based %D.

Returns:

MovingAverageType

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period_d

The d period.

Returns:

int

period_k

The k period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

slowing

The slowing period for %K smoothing.

Returns:

int

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value_d

The d value.

Returns:

double

value_k

The k value.

Returns:

double

class StochasticsDMethod

Bases: object

Method for calculating %D in the Stochastics indicator.

The %D line is the smoothed version of %K and provides trading signals. Two calculation methods are supported:

• RATIO: Nautilus original method using 100 * SUM(close-LL) / SUM(HH-LL) over period_d. This is range-weighted and has less lag than MA-based methods.

• MOVING_AVERAGE: Standard method using MA of slowed %K values, compatible with cTrader/MetaTrader implementations.

MOVING_AVERAGE = 'moving_average'

RATIO = 'ratio'

class SpreadAnalyzer

Bases: Indicator

SpreadAnalyzer(InstrumentId instrument_id, int capacity) -> None

Provides various spread analysis metrics.

Parameters:

• instrument_id (InstrumentId) – The instrument ID for the tick updates.

• capacity (int) – The max length for the internal QuoteTick deque (determines averages).

Raises:

ValueError – If capacity is not positive (> 0).

average

The current average spread.

Returns:

double

capacity

The indicators spread capacity.

Returns:

int

current

The current spread.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the analyzer with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The tick for the update.

Raises:

ValueError – If tick.instrument_id does not equal the analyzers instrument ID.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

instrument_id

The indicators instrument ID.

Returns:

InstrumentId

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

class ArcherMovingAveragesTrends

Bases: Indicator

ArcherMovingAveragesTrends(int fast_period, int slow_period, int signal_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL)

Archer Moving Averages Trends indicator.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast moving average (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow moving average (> 0 & > fast_sma).

• signal_period (int) – The period for lookback price array (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

References

https://github.com/twopirllc/pandas-ta/blob/bc3b292bf1cc1d5f2aba50bb750a75209d655b37/pandas_ta/trend/amat.py

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

long_run

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

short_run

signal_period

slow_period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given close price value.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

class AroonOscillator

Bases: Indicator

AroonOscillator(int period)

The Aroon (AR) indicator developed by Tushar Chande attempts to determine whether an instrument is trending, and how strong the trend is. AroonUp and AroonDown lines make up the indicator with their formulas below.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

aroon_down

The current aroon down value.

Returns:

double

aroon_up

The current aroon up value.

Returns:

double

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class Bias

Bases: Indicator

Bias(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

Rate of change between the source and a moving average.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class DirectionalMovement

Bases: Indicator

DirectionalMovement(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL)

Two oscillators that capture positive and negative trend movement.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

neg

period

pos

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

value

class IchimokuCloud

Bases: Indicator

IchimokuCloud(int tenkan_period=9, int kijun_period=26, int senkou_period=52, int displacement=26)

Ichimoku Cloud (Kinko Hyo) with five components.

• Tenkan-sen (Conversion Line): (tenkan_period high + tenkan_period low) / 2.

• Kijun-sen (Base Line): (kijun_period high + kijun_period low) / 2.

• Senkou Span A (Leading Span A): (Tenkan + Kijun) / 2, displaced forward by displacement.

• Senkou Span B (Leading Span B): (senkou_period high + senkou_period low) / 2, displaced forward by displacement.

• Chikou Span (Lagging Span): Close displaced backward by displacement.

The indicator becomes initialized after senkou_period bars, at which point tenkan_sen, kijun_sen are valid. The displaced outputs (senkou_span_a, senkou_span_b, chikou_span) require an additional displacement bars before they become non-zero.

Parameters:

• tenkan_period (int) – Period for Tenkan-sen (default 9).

• kijun_period (int) – Period for Kijun-sen (default 26).

• senkou_period (int) – Period for Senkou Span B (default 52).

• displacement (int) – Displacement for leading/lagging spans (default 26).

Raises:

• ValueError – If any period or displacement is not positive.

• ValueError – If senkou_period is not >= kijun_period or kijun_period is not >= tenkan_period.

chikou_span

displacement

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

kijun_period

kijun_sen

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

senkou_period

senkou_span_a

senkou_span_b

tenkan_period

tenkan_sen

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

class LinearRegression

Bases: Indicator

LinearRegression(int period=0)

An indicator that calculates a simple linear regression.

Parameters:

period (int) – The period for the indicator.

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not greater than zero.

R2

cfo

degree

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

intercept

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

slope

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

close_price (double) – The close price.

value

class MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence

Bases: Indicator

MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence(int fast_period, int slow_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, PriceType price_type=PriceType.LAST)

An indicator which calculates the difference between two moving averages. Different moving average types can be selected for the inner calculation.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast moving average (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow moving average (> 0 & > fast_sma).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

• price_type (PriceType) – The specified price type for extracting values from quotes.

Raises:

• ValueError – If fast_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If slow_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If fast_period is not < slow_period.

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given quote tick.

Parameters:

tick (QuoteTick) – The update tick to handle.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given trade tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The update tick to handle.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

slow_period

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given close price.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class Swings

Bases: Indicator

Swings(int period)

A swing indicator which calculates and stores various swing metrics.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

changed

direction

duration

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

high_datetime

high_price

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

length

low_datetime

low_price

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

since_high

since_low

update_raw(self, double high, double low, datetime timestamp) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• timestamp (datetime) – The current timestamp.

class AverageTrueRange

Bases: Indicator

AverageTrueRange(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double value_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the average true range across a rolling window. Different moving average types can be selected for the inner calculation.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used. (note: only applicable for update(). update_mid() will need to use previous price.

• value_floor (double) – The floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The window period.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

The current value.

Returns:

double

class BollingerBands

Bases: Indicator

BollingerBands(int period, double k, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

A Bollinger Band® is a technical analysis tool defined by a set of trend lines plotted two standard deviations (positively and negatively) away from a simple moving average (SMA) of an instruments price, which can be adjusted to user preferences.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• k (double) – The standard deviation multiple for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator.

Raises:

• ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If k is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given tick.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

k

The standard deviation multiple.

Returns:

double

lower

The current value of the lower band.

Returns:

double

middle

The current value of the middle band.

Returns:

double

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

The period for the moving average.

Returns:

int

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given prices.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price for calculations.

• low (double) – The low price for calculations.

• close (double) – The closing price for calculations

upper

The current value of the upper band.

Returns:

double

class DonchianChannel

Bases: Indicator

DonchianChannel(int period)

Donchian Channels are three lines generated by moving average calculations that comprise an indicator formed by upper and lower bands around a mid-range or median band. The upper band marks the highest price of a instrument_id over N periods while the lower band marks the lowest price of a instrument_id over N periods. The area between the upper and lower bands represents the Donchian Channel.

Parameters:

period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

Raises:

ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given ticks high and low prices.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Update the indicator with the given ticks price.

Parameters:

tick (TradeTick) – The tick for the update.

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

lower

middle

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low) → void

Update the indicator with the given prices.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The price for the upper channel.

• low (double) – The price for the lower channel.

upper

class KeltnerChannel

Bases: Indicator

KeltnerChannel(int period, double k_multiplier, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, MovingAverageType ma_type_atr=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double atr_floor=0)

The Keltner channel is a volatility based envelope set above and below a central moving average. Traditionally the middle band is an EMA based on the typical price (high + low + close) / 3, the upper band is the middle band plus the ATR. The lower band is the middle band minus the ATR.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• k_multiplier (double) – The multiplier for the ATR (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the middle band (cannot be None).

• ma_type_atr (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the internal ATR (cannot be None).

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used.

• atr_floor (double) – The ATR floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

k_multiplier

lower

middle

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

upper

class KeltnerPosition

Bases: Indicator

KeltnerPosition(int period, double k_multiplier, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, MovingAverageType ma_type_atr=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double atr_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the relative position of the given price within a defined Keltner channel. This provides a measure of the relative ‘extension’ of a market from the mean, as a multiple of volatility.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• k_multiplier (double) – The multiplier for the ATR (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the middle band (cannot be None).

• ma_type_atr (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the internal ATR (cannot be None).

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used.

• atr_floor (double) – The ATR floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

k_multiplier

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

class VerticalHorizontalFilter

Bases: Indicator

VerticalHorizontalFilter(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE)

The Vertical Horizon Filter (VHF) was created by Adam White to identify trending and ranging markets.

Parameters:

• period (int) – The rolling window period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the indicator (cannot be None).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

close (double) – The close price.

value

class VolatilityRatio

Bases: Indicator

VolatilityRatio(int fast_period, int slow_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.SIMPLE, bool use_previous=True, double value_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the ratio of different ranges of volatility. Different moving average types can be selected for the inner ATR calculations.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast ATR (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow ATR (> 0 & > fast_period).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the ATR calculations.

• use_previous (bool) – The boolean flag indicating whether previous price values should be used.

• value_floor (double) – The floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0).

Raises:

• ValueError – If fast_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If slow_period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If fast_period is not < slow_period.

• ValueError – If value_floor is negative (< 0).

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

slow_period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw value.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

value

class KlingerVolumeOscillator

Bases: Indicator

KlingerVolumeOscillator(int fast_period, int slow_period, int signal_period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL)

This indicator was developed by Stephen J. Klinger. It is designed to predict price reversals in a market by comparing volume to price.

Parameters:

• fast_period (int) – The period for the fast moving average (> 0).

• slow_period (int) – The period for the slow moving average (> 0 & > fast_sma).

• signal_period (int) – The period for the moving average difference’s moving average (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

fast_period

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

signal_period

slow_period

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close, double volume) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

• volume (double) – The volume.

value

class OnBalanceVolume

Bases: Indicator

OnBalanceVolume(int period=0)

An indicator which calculates the momentum of relative positive or negative volume.

Parameters:

period (int) – The period for the indicator, zero indicates no window (>= 0).

Raises:

ValueError – If period is negative (< 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double open, double close, double volume) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• open (double) – The high price.

• close (double) – The low price.

• volume (double) – The close price.

value

class Pressure

Bases: Indicator

Pressure(int period, MovingAverageType ma_type=MovingAverageType.EXPONENTIAL, double atr_floor=0)

An indicator which calculates the relative volume (multiple of average volume) to move the market across a relative range (multiple of ATR).

Parameters:

• period (int) – The period for the indicator (> 0).

• ma_type (MovingAverageType) – The moving average type for the calculations.

• atr_floor (double) – The ATR floor (minimum) output value for the indicator (>= 0.).

Raises:

• ValueError – If period is not positive (> 0).

• ValueError – If atr_floor is negative (< 0).

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

period

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double high, double low, double close, double volume) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• high (double) – The high price.

• low (double) – The low price.

• close (double) – The close price.

• volume (double) – The volume.

value

value_cumulative

class VolumeWeightedAveragePrice

Bases: Indicator

VolumeWeightedAveragePrice()

An indicator which calculates the volume weighted average price for the day.

handle_bar(self, Bar bar) → void

Update the indicator with the given bar.

Parameters:

bar (Bar) – The update bar.

handle_quote_tick(self, QuoteTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

handle_trade_tick(self, TradeTick tick) → void

Abstract method (implement in subclass).

has_inputs

If the indicator has received inputs.

Returns:

bool

initialized

If the indicator is warmed up and initialized.

Returns:

bool

name

The name of the indicator.

Returns:

str

reset(self) → void

Reset the indicator.

All stateful fields are reset to their initial value.

update_raw(self, double price, double volume, datetime timestamp) → void

Update the indicator with the given raw values.

Parameters:

• price (double) – The update price.

• volume (double) – The update volume.

• timestamp (datetime) – The current timestamp.

value